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    <title>评测 on Elon&#39;s AD Insight</title>
    <link>https://auto-driving-blog.vercel.app/tags/%E8%AF%84%E6%B5%8B/</link>
    <description>Recent content in 评测 on Elon&#39;s AD Insight</description>
    <image>
      <title>Elon&#39;s AD Insight</title>
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    <item>
      <title>nuScenes数据集详解</title>
      <link>https://auto-driving-blog.vercel.app/posts/knowledge/nuscenes%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%9B%86%E8%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 19 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://auto-driving-blog.vercel.app/posts/knowledge/nuscenes%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%9B%86%E8%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3/</guid>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&#34;一概述&#34;&gt;一、概述&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;nuScenes 是由 Aptiv（现 Motional）与 nuTonomy 团队于 2019 年发布的大规模自动驾驶多模态数据集，也是最早提供完整传感器套件标注的全场景数据集之一。它的发布标志着自动驾驶感知研究从单一传感器（仅 LiDAR 或仅 Camera）向多传感器融合的重要转折，极大地推动了 3D 检测、跟踪、预测和规划等多个方向的发展。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;nuScenes 包含 1000 个驾驶场景（scene），每个场景时长约 20 秒，步长 20Hz 录制，关键帧以 2Hz 采样标注。数据采集覆盖波士顿和新加坡两个城市——包括城市主干道、居民区、十字路口、环形交叉口、隧道和高速公路等多种路况，以及白天、夜晚、黄昏、雨天等不同光照和天气条件。这种多样性使得基于 nuScenes 训练的模型对光照和天气变化具有更好的鲁棒性。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;该数据集的核心价值在于其多模态特性：每辆数据采集车在同一时间戳下同时提供 6 个环视摄像头图像（覆盖 360° 视野）、5 个毫米波雷达点云和 1 个 32 线 Velodyne 激光雷达点云。研究者可以基于这些数据开发真正利用多模态传感器融合的感知算法，也可以分别验证不同传感器配置下算法的性能上限。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&#34;二传感器配置&#34;&gt;二、传感器配置&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;每一帧数据中，nuScenes 的传感器配置规格与部署位置如下：&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;21-传感器规格&#34;&gt;2.1 传感器规格&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;摄像头（Camera）&lt;/strong&gt;：6 个环视摄像头，型号为 Basler ace acA1600-60gc（160 万像素），分别安装于车顶前部（CAM_FRONT）、左前（CAM_FRONT_LEFT）、右前（CAM_FRONT_RIGHT）、左侧（CAM_BACK_LEFT）、右侧（CAM_BACK_RIGHT）和后部（CAM_BACK）。每个摄像头输出 1600×900 像素 RGB 图像，帧率 12Hz，通过硬件同步实现同一时刻的全局快门采集。所有摄像头的水平视野之和覆盖 360°。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;激光雷达（LiDAR）&lt;/strong&gt;：1 个 Velodyne HDL-32E 32 线旋转式激光雷达，安装于车顶中心位置，垂直视野范围 -30° 至 +10°（共 40°），水平视野 360°，帧率 20Hz。每帧返回约 80 万个点，波长 905nm，最大探测距离约 100m。点云密度随距离增加而减小，近距离（&amp;lt; 20m）密度最高。&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>开环评测 vs 闭环评测深度解析</title>
      <link>https://auto-driving-blog.vercel.app/posts/knowledge/%E5%BC%80%E7%8E%AF%E8%AF%84%E6%B5%8Bvs%E9%97%AD%E7%8E%AF%E8%AF%84%E6%B5%8B%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 19 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://auto-driving-blog.vercel.app/posts/knowledge/%E5%BC%80%E7%8E%AF%E8%AF%84%E6%B5%8Bvs%E9%97%AD%E7%8E%AF%E8%AF%84%E6%B5%8B%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90/</guid>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&#34;一引言&#34;&gt;一、引言&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;在自动驾驶规划算法的研发流程中，评估方法的选择直接影响研究者对模型能力的判断。目前两类主流的评估范式——开环评测（Open-loop Evaluation）与闭环评测（Closed-loop Evaluation）——各有理论基础和适用范围，但二者之间存在显著的鸿沟。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;NAVSIM 论文《Can We Also Drive in Closed-loop?》通过系统性实证研究揭示了这一鸿沟的严重程度：开环评测中的 L2 误差与闭环驾驶质量之间的 Pearson 相关系数仅约 0.3。这意味着一个在开环评测中排名第一的模型，在真实闭环部署中可能完全不合格。越来越多的研究者开始呼吁抛弃&amp;quot;开环迷信&amp;quot;，转向更可靠的闭环评估或混合评估策略。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;本文将从原理、方法、指标和实证分析四个维度，全面解析这两种评测范式，帮助研究者在论文写作和模型选择中做出更准确的判断。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&#34;二开环评测&#34;&gt;二、开环评测&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;21-基本定义&#34;&gt;2.1 基本定义&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;开环评测的核心流程如下：&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;从已录制的驾驶数据集中取出一个片段&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;将历史观测数据（图像、点云、高精地图等）输入规划模型&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;模型输出未来一段时间的 EGO 预测轨迹&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;将预测轨迹与人类驾驶员在 log 中的实际轨迹（ground truth）进行比较&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;计算误差指标&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p&gt;关键特征在于：&lt;strong&gt;评测过程中，模型不会接收到自身决策的反馈&lt;/strong&gt;。每一步的输入都来自真实 log 数据，与模型的预测无关。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;22-数据流示意&#34;&gt;2.2 数据流示意&lt;/h3&gt;



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&lt;text text-anchor=&#39;middle&#39; x=&#39;312&#39; y=&#39;20&#39; fill=&#39;currentColor&#39; style=&#39;font-size:1em&#39;&gt;₀&lt;/text&gt;
&lt;text text-anchor=&#39;middle&#39; x=&#39;312&#39; y=&#39;36&#39; fill=&#39;currentColor&#39; style=&#39;font-size:1em&#39;&gt;₀&lt;/text&gt;
&lt;text text-anchor=&#39;middle&#39; x=&#39;320&#39; y=&#39;36&#39; fill=&#39;currentColor&#39; style=&#39;font-size:1em&#39;&gt;、&lt;/text&gt;
&lt;text text-anchor=&#39;middle&#39; x=&#39;328&#39; y=&#39;20&#39; fill=&#39;currentColor&#39; style=&#39;font-size:1em&#39;&gt;无&lt;/text&gt;
&lt;text text-anchor=&#39;middle&#39; x=&#39;328&#39; y=&#39;36&#39; fill=&#39;currentColor&#39; style=&#39;font-size:1em&#39;&gt;ŷ&lt;/text&gt;
&lt;text text-anchor=&#39;middle&#39; x=&#39;336&#39; y=&#39;20&#39; fill=&#39;currentColor&#39; style=&#39;font-size:1em&#39;&gt;关&lt;/text&gt;
&lt;text text-anchor=&#39;middle&#39; x=&#39;336&#39; y=&#39;36&#39; fill=&#39;currentColor&#39; style=&#39;font-size:1em&#39;&gt;₁&lt;/text&gt;
&lt;text text-anchor=&#39;middle&#39; x=&#39;344&#39; y=&#39;20&#39; fill=&#39;currentColor&#39; style=&#39;font-size:1em&#39;&gt;）&lt;/text&gt;
&lt;text text-anchor=&#39;middle&#39; x=&#39;352&#39; y=&#39;36&#39; fill=&#39;currentColor&#39; style=&#39;font-size:1em&#39;&gt;无&lt;/text&gt;
&lt;text text-anchor=&#39;middle&#39; x=&#39;360&#39; y=&#39;36&#39; fill=&#39;currentColor&#39; style=&#39;font-size:1em&#39;&gt;关&lt;/text&gt;
&lt;text text-anchor=&#39;middle&#39; x=&#39;368&#39; y=&#39;36&#39; fill=&#39;currentColor&#39; style=&#39;font-size:1em&#39;&gt;）&lt;/text&gt;
&lt;/g&gt;

    &lt;/svg&gt;
  
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;这种&amp;quot;教师强制（Teacher Forcing）&amp;ldquo;模式下，模型的一步预测误差不会传播到下一步——每一步都是独立比较。&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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